These posts are written to encourage thoughtful consideration of the entire range of communication strategy, plans and effectiveness. They’re based on my experiences in actual responses, as well as drills, exercises, tabletops and crisis communication plan reviews.

Feel free to share,  comment or contact me directly.  I value your input!

An Exercise in Utility

Swimmer crossing the finish lineLast week I asked a series of questions to determine if exercises actually help us prepare for actual responses. This post, we’ll look at the some of the same questions and discuss possible actions to maximize our exercise utility.

Warning!  This post is almost twice as long at the previous one, but answers are always more complicated than questions!

Did your last exercise utilize a scenario from an actual event?

Here’s a simple truth; communicators don’t get to pick the exercise scenario. Exercise scenarios are chosen to test response capability, usually focused on operational response capability. Hopefully, the scenario is selected to test specific capabilities, and hopefully those capabilities ensure actual success in the chosen scenario. But it isn’t likely that the exercise will test stakeholder communication capacity.  You won’t have a lot of control over the scenario, but you can exercise your stakeholder communication experience to ensure that the exercise prompts response communication activities that resemble the real thing.

Unless you’re involved in actual exercise and inject planning, the stakeholder communication function isn’t going to be tested by ‘truth’: Exercise designers will not have adequate exercise injects to test your capabilities. How do you compensate? With an effective Incident Communications Plan. In an actual event a key initial objective will be to prepare an Incident Communications Plan (you do prepare an Incident Communications Plan, don’t you?). In an exercise setting, this Plan should be developed, using the exercise scenario to determine stakeholder attention, concerns and outrage. You decide what each these measurements will be, just as you would in an actual event. The accuracy of your measurements is dependent on your professional capability, not on the exercise design.

So incorporate an Incident Trigger Worksheet, and a Key Issue Worksheet into your Incident Communications Plan. Set your stakeholder communication priorities and activities by this Plan, not by exercise injects. Test your team against the Incident Communications Plan. ‘Truth’ won’t mind if you do MORE than the objectives specify.

Did your last exercise utilize a scenario that was actually your organization’s fault?

Even though you don’t control the exercise scenario, you can still exercise as if the scenario is your fault. Communicators know that public outrage, blame, accusations and condemnation often aren’t based on actual facts, but on perception, precedent or activism. Blame and accusation will flow naturally in any actual event, so you add it in as an element. Build it into your Incident Communications Plan, and remind your team that in any actual response they will be blamed for what happened. Fault is fungible in the public dialogue about a response. Even if what happens really isn’t your fault, it will be treated as such.  Incorporate this scrutiny and skepticism into every exercise.

This still isn’t the same as responding when the cause of what happened is firmly attached to your own operations, so here’s what you can do for the coup de grâce: Early in the response, as you hold one of your JIC briefings (you do hold JIC briefings, don’t you?) and you’re reviewing stakeholder concerns, stop for a moment and ask how those concerns would change if you had caused the incident. List the impacts and discuss what else the team would have to deal with if it was your fault. Spend a few minutes expanding on the impact of actual fault. Then go back to work with newfound relief that this dynamic wasn’t built in to the exercise.  But don’t forget with it felt like during the moments you discussed it.

Remember that all exercises include ‘learning’ as a sacrosanct goal.  You can always justify an additional time-out for learning.  Don’t feel guilty about exposing your team to a reality of response communication.

A note about natural disasters

Why is it important for a communicator to engage with operators about disaster response? Because while the ‘fault’ is placed differently, the inevitably slowed pace and capacity of response actions can easily cause public sentiment to morph from sympathy to blame. While response challenges caused by the disaster will be tolerated, communicators will have to major in expectation management even while minoring in blame management. You will need to be ready to maintain an open dialogue about response delays to retain public acceptance of the response pace. In a ‘normal’ event you wouldn’t get away with this – any delay is inexcusable. In a disaster, delays are forgiven if the cause is understood.

Communicators will need a clear understanding of the physical hurdles responders are facing, and will have to clearly communicate them to stakeholders. Failure to keep people apprised of damage and destruction in a disaster can lead to increased expectation of response effectiveness and concern when it doesn’t seem to be happening.

Was your last exercise an unannounced exercise?

Unannounced exercises are conducted for specific purposes. By default they must be very focused on specific scenarios and responsibilities. They typically test only initial actions and the scope is limited to key measurements to prove readiness and response capability. Given the short scope and the intense operational focus, it’s unlikely that initial stakeholder communication actions are part of the regular scope of the unannounced exercise.

So what can a communicator do to test those first frantic moments? You have two options: You can enforce communication response in an existing no-notice exercise, or you can create your own unannounced exercise.

For the former, if your organization is subject to unannounced exercises by regulators or by choice, ask if you can ‘shadow’ the next one with your team. While there will likely be minimal or non-existent stakeholder communication requirements in the formal exercise, you can again add the ones you know you will face. Since communicators don’t have to be involved in the actual moving pieces of an exercise, you can very adequately test your own response communication plan in parallel to an operational no-notice exercise. Pull out your Incident Communication Quick Guide (you do have one, right?) and use it with your team against the next no-notice exercise. And enjoy the pace and panic!

For the latter, you can conduct a communication-specific no-notice exercise that is completely disassociated from an actual no-notice exercise. Prepare injects against a scenario that you know will occur (you do know what would actually occur in an emerging incident, right?) Use the Incident Trigger Worksheet and Key Issue worksheet to determine what needs to be released, and when. Test the approval process and see if your team can engage in the communication process as quickly as you know they will need to. All of this can be performed by your own people, at a time of your choosing.

In either case, be sure to debrief afterwards, and address the immediate challenges you faced .

Did your last exercise use real-time conditions in the scenario?

You can’t do much about this, because you don’t have super powers: You can’t change time and space. But you can match your planned response communication actions to the timetable set in the exercise. As an example, many exercises start a number of hours into the response, typically to ‘explain’ the presence of everyone in the room. You never have 100+ people in the Command Post in the first minutes of a real response. Sometimes you don’t even have a command post! So exercises start 12 hours in, or some such construct.

The challenge for communicators is that you would have had significant content and stakeholder interactions in place by that time. At least you should identify what you would have published and what stakeholder interactions would have occurred by ‘drill time’. If possible, create appropriate content to reflect what you would have done. There is usually an extended ‘start’ to an exercise, with introductions, reviews, objectives, etc. covered. Mobilize the experienced members of your team to write all previous content as quickly as possible. Then review it with the emerging JIC staff in the initial briefing. Work with the PIO to establish this previous content as valid. A helpful hint: most drill scenarios include some actions performed prior to exercise start, so you will have ‘facts’ to work with. While this activity may impinge on the time your team normally uses to catch up on emails or track down a latte, this ‘pre-content’ can be a huge help in gaining the initial traction you need to succeed in the JIC.

In every exercise, it takes a certain amount of time and effort just to get working together; a frequent comment is that ‘the JIC is still getting traction’. Expending time and effort to supercharge the JIC up front with prepared initial content can actually minimize the impact and extent of ‘traction time’. This delay happens in actual responses; formation of the JIC inevitably causes a delay in information flow as new roles are assigned, new approval processes are instituted, new branding and boilerplate is implemented and a new schedule is set.

Did your last exercise have measurable objectives?

How do you make your exercise investment worthwhile? By linking your own response communication objectives to any exercise. Have you conducted a gap analysis against your response communication process? Do you have an improvement plan? When you walk into an exercise, add your own objectives in addition to the actual exercise objectives. Again, nobody will complain if you accomplish more than the set goals. And you can take advantage of exercise bodies and budget to test your response capability.

What is a measurable objective? An action that can be recorded and evaluated. In detail, and against an expected outcome. Most exercise communication objectives are really goals; expected outcomes. As an example, in an exercise “hold a press conference’ may be stated as a goal, and measured yes/no as such.

Conversely, ‘Objectives’ for a press conference could include the following:

  • Schedule conference time and prep time with Unified Command
  • Set location based on media interest
  • Determine security requirements and media check-in process
  • Invite media to attend at least four hours in advance
  • Identify Subject Matter Experts and prepare collateral material
  • Prepare ‘Press Kit’ for attendees
  • Determine release time of all prepared statements for non-attending media
  • Draft prepared statements, FAQs and key messages for approval 2 hours prior
  • Review agenda and coach participants 1 hour prior
  • Assign recorders for all questions and replies
  • Conduct press conference
  • Debrief and identify additional issues and follow up.

Every objective should be measurable, and every measurement should include an evaluation statement. Needless to say, your list of objectives can grow beyond your capability to complete, track or evaluate. You need to be strategic in deciding what to take on. But every additional objective you test yourself and your team against yields a greater return on your organization’s (considerable) investment in the exercise, as well as a greater and more measurable return on your communication investment.

Were exercise objectives based on identified performance shortfalls?

Only you can answer this. Nobody else is as concerned about your capabilities as you are. Only you as a skilled and trained practitioner know that which of your actions provide effective public communication in the face of all the assumed challenges in stakeholder communicating in a crisis. You know what you need to test to be sure you are prepared to handle antagonistic media, irate stakeholders, activated activists or presumptive Pulitzer Prize winners. Create objectives that test what you know needs to be tested.

Did you participate in an exercise hot-wash?

Prove it. Ask for the final report and check to see what carried forward from the hot-wash. Don’t expect details in the report. It is a summary of all exercise activities, and a broad set of evaluations for the next exercise. Final reports are often more like pass-fails, as this is the major objective of most qualifying exercises.

Ask for the report, and dig through it for any details you can find. If the report doesn’t have details or recommendations about response communication, add your own recommendations from your unit hot-wash. Use those details to determine what you need to do better, and incorporate it into your future exercise planning.

Be aware that in these actions you will be fighting the ‘I wanna go home’ syndrome that strikes real responses as well; the supreme goal of any response is to go home. Put it out, clean it up, put it back: Put your toys away and go home. All hot-washes occur during the ‘go home’ phase of an exercise or actual response. It is challenging to maintain interest and focus. But the better you take apart the exercise/response, the more prepared you will be. Every major exercise should incur at least one post-exercise conference call with your team; to lock in evaluation points, review lessons learned and set improvement plans. This final small investment leverages your organization’s exercise’s investment to multiply the return of better preparation.

Were you asked to justify performance against objectives?

The unexamined life is not worth living, and the unexamined exercise is barely worth doing. You won’t be asked this question unless you ask it yourself. Remember that for all the fuss and fury, an exercise is a precious practice opportunity you’ll never get in real life. Your overall goal for any exercise is not to DO, it is to LEARN. Take your performance apart. Ask the question WHY you did what you did. Identify error and root it out. Capture excellence and incorporate it.

Did you wonder how you really did afterward? Did you come home with your own ‘lessons learned’?

If you perform the steps outlined above, you will KNOW how you did. You will have identified all lessons learned, and rooted out the cause of each one. Now apply what you have learned personally. We are each bundle of personal and professional strengths, issues, successes and failures. We are each learning units and growing units. Effective goals, careful observation, review of actions and thorough examination will help our organizations become more effective, and more prepared for ‘the big one’.

Now turn the lens inward. Go beyond the group actions and ask yourself; ‘How did I do? What did I do well, and what do I need to do better?’ Get personal. Did you have a lack of empathy for affected stakeholders? Were you difficult to work with because you were stressed? Were you resistant to correction or dismissive of other people’s ideas? Did you hide from your responsibilities? Were you gracious under pressure?

Exercises expose our daily work life to stress, so they are great opportunities to determine what happens to our personal ‘human unit’ when we have to work in such an environment. We each have much to learn. Gather personal lessons learned as well as professional ones.  In an actual event, stress is handed out for free, but grace is under lock and key. Learn how to be better both professionally and personally based on what you learn in each exercise.

Did you make revisions to your Crisis Communication Plan after the exercise?

Communication Plans are roadmaps for our next crisis. They are the repository of knowledge and wisdom. They should be living, breathing documents that are frequently reviewed and changed. After you have fully reviewed, analyzed, strategized and prioritized from each exercise, be sure to update procedures and practices in your crisis communication plan.

Your Plan revision schedule should look like an exercise archeology dig, with a layer of revisions from each major exercise; A Crisis Communication Plan with no revisions from Exercises is as dangerous as one with no scheduled annual updates. If you give me your plan, I can tell you in two minutes if you’ve been serious about exercising, just from the revision schedule.

We tend to look at plans as a repository of past responses and exercises. They are this. But they are also the only resource for the next person, the ‘newbie’ who hasn’t been in a major crisis, who is sitting up at the edge of their bed on their first 2:00am call. If you’re not keeping them plan current and improving it with lessons learned from every drill, you’re not helping that person at all. Which mean you’re not helping your organization, and ultimately you are shortchanging yourself. Practice. Evaluate. Learn. Improve.

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Questions?

Did you see terms or ideas in this post that you’ve never heard of before? Do you know you’re falling short?

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An Exercise in Futility

picture of people exercising from 1911Practice makes perfect, right?

So we exercise, or drill, or run tabletops. By practicing, we build ‘muscle memory’ that ensures our capability of responding under stress. This ensures that we will take the right actions at the right time, and by doing so we will always be ready to leap into action to defend our organization’s virtue in a crisis.

Sounds good! But repetition in training often lacks quality control. What if we are practicing the wrong actions? What if all our training is actually teaching us to do the wrong thing? What if our investment is yielding a negative return?

How does an exercise help us?

For the vast majority of us, we plan and prepare for what never actually happens. That’s the reality of response planning; if the events we plan and prepare for happened frequently, our organization would either suspend risky operations, or be driven out of existence. Preparation is prevalent. Responses are rare. So we depend on some form of training and exercising to maintain our edge.

Let’s look at a series of questions to determine if we’re really accomplishing our preparedness goal in our exercise regime:

1. Did your last exercise utilize a scenario from an actual event?

Most exercises feature generalized scenarios created as accretions of real or legendary previous incidents. They usually are not specific to your organization or product. They often feature external causes of the event you must respond to. In oil spill responses, we seem to always deal with a runaway barge, usually named ‘Lucky Lady’ or some such fabrication.

We prepare for OUR organization’s welfare, and any actual response will be due to something happening to OUR organization. At the least we should exercise against what will actually happen to US, not what could have happened to anyone else.

When we fail to make our exercises as specific to our own operations as possible, we’re wasting our exercise investment on hypothetical, unrelated responses. We’re not practicing how we will have to play. The argument is made that ‘we’re getting ready for anything’, but we’re missing the opportunity to practice specific steps in the specific response environment we will have to actually perform in.

2. Did your last exercise utilize a scenario that was actually your organization’s fault?

This seldom happens. There seems to be an aversion to fault in the exercise world; a fear that having something go wrong that was our fault will be too hard to bear, or will include unnecessary stress on the players. So we end up with the runaway barge striking our good and noble wharf, or tanker, or bridge. We have an activist blow something up, a Navy ship striking our tanker. We have a contractor tip something over, a storage tank suddenly rupture, an asteroid hitting our distribution dock, a vampire attack.

Why? Pretty much by definition, any actual response you participate in will involve your own operations, most likely due to human error or poor maintenance, or mismanagement. It won’t be due to a runaway barge, an asteroid impact or vampires. It will be your fault.

The practice of avoiding fault in exercising is actually a disservice to all of us. In an actual event we will be under stress from the event and it’s impact, as well duress from the level of public attention and outrage. But we will also be reeling from our recognition that it shouldn’t have happened, that we caused it, that it was our fault. This is particularly challenging if there are injuries or fatalities. Nobody wants to go there. But there we will be. Would you rather practice with discomfort, or response without readiness?

Exercising seems to value the ‘kumbayah’ dynamic – it “ … does not examine the issues or is revelatory of cockeyed optimism.” We gather around an exercise campfire to respond to an imaginary scenario with above-average skill. Then we proclaim to ourselves that we are ‘ready for the real thing’. But if we’re not exercising in an environment of fault, we’re missing valuable exposure to all the stress, blame and upset that comes at us in a real response.

Of course, we also need to exercise against natural disasters, where the dynamic changes – ironically easier for communicators, but much more difficult for responders. As communicators, we get a hall pass since we didn’t cause it. But our responder cohorts still have to stop it and clean it up, often in a much more resource-constrained environment.

Side note, communicators: Spend some time talking with your operators about the challenges they face in a natural disaster. It will help you prepare better external messaging when you know what they’re going through.

3. Was your last exercise an unannounced exercise?

When was the last real crisis that gave you advance notice? The closest a communicator gets to advance notice is in issue management: Sometimes an emerging issue will give us advance warning that a crisis is about to break out. Sometimes that margin of notice is vanishingly small.

Unannounced large-scale exercises are almost impossible to conduct. No organization can endure business disruptions that aren’t due to real events. Exercise planners simply can’t create a large, spontaneous event that instantly occupies organization-wide resources without advance notice (this is actually a good description of an actual crisis). At the same time, this reality inevitably foster unreality. You can participate in every exercise your organization conducts throughout your career, and never be ready for the 2:00 a.m. call that we all dread.

4. Did your last exercise use real-time conditions in the scenario?

Most exercise scenarios proscribe all relevant conditions – so tide, precipitation, temperature, even time are all controlled for accurate measurements. While understandable to control complexities of planning the exercise, this is again completely unrealistic for preparation. We never get to pick the weather, times or tides in an actual event. So we’re not tested against the vagaries of time and chance.

5. Did your last exercise have measurable objectives?

Here’s a test; what were they? If you don’t remember, you may not have had any. It’s still common for communicators to be tested by one requirement, conducting a press conference. Sometimes a number of stakeholder calls are supposed to be answered. Occasionally a social media simulator will be used to ‘test’ response capability.

As a communicator, you know that these objectives aren’t adequate for actual preparation. Plus, how were they measured? My experience is that communications product is measured by checkbox; yes or no. No review or qualification of content or competency. So you end up with a ‘pass’ grade that doesn’t reflect real world capability or competence.

6. Were exercise objectives based on identified performance shortfalls?

Why were you tested on what you were tested? Did a previous exercise expose shortfalls in capabilities? Not if the previous exercise was graded ‘pass/fail’ How would an exercise planner know what a communication shortfall looked like? During exercise planning, were you asked to share what you knew you should be tested on? If exercise objectives aren’t based on measurable performance or identified improvement needs, what are you learning, or proving for capability?

7. Did you participate in an exercise hot-wash?

Of course you did! Every exercise ends with a hot-wash. Then what?  Have you ever received a report afterward that identified successes and failures, with specific recommendations to incorporate successes in best practices and address failures in future exercises? If not, what benefit have you gained from the exercise?

8. Were you asked to justify your exercise performance against set objectives?

No you weren’t. The objectives were likely neither detailed nor demanding enough to accurately assess performance, so how could you be challenged on your success? Of course in the hot-wash you discussed what didn’t work, likely attributing it to some external or drill-only cause, even excused it as ‘part of the drill dynamics’. But without specific objectives that are measurable and specific injects to test against, you likely have never been challenged specifically with what you should have done better. So you’ve never actually been stress-tested.

9. Did you wonder how you really did afterward?

Have you ever left an exercise with the gnawing conviction that you blew it? Have you wondered how you would have done if it had been real? The hot-wash we all participate in often serves as a safety valve, where we can express our concerns and then forget them, secure in the knowledge that someone else is keeping track. But they aren’t. If communicators in the room don’t note and record issues, challenges and failures, they will disappear into the mists of time. And that is where they usually end up.

10. Did you come home with your own ‘lessons learned’?

Most of us come home with memories of the river cruise or dinner, the awards session, the buffet line. We might remember the view from our hotel room or the taxi ride to the conference center. We might even remember the skimmer demo, or the new social media tracking tool we saw. But do we come home with personal lessons learned? Do we decide to figure out how to do something better?

11. Did you make revisions to your Crisis Communication Plan after the exercise?

Was any evaluation or lesson learned so compelling that you revised your Crisis Communication Plan afterward? What did you learn that forced you to reconsider training, or policy or preparation? If you didn’t, was the investment in attending the exercise worth it?

What was your exercise success?

All of these are challenging questions, and if you were able to answer ‘yes’ to several of these questions, you’re doing well!  Most likely, many of your answers are ‘No’. You are in fact, inadvertently and with good will, exercising in futility.

Good news!

Yes, there is good news! Every one of these questions can be turned to a ‘Yes’ for communicators! You hold a unique role in responses that gives you much more flexibility to thoroughly test yourselves.  There are exercise actions you can take to ensure your response communication capability.

These will be the topic of my next post.  Stay tuned!

Comments?  Leave them here.

Interested in more information?  Contact me!

Become Us in the Recovery

photo of presenters and listeners in a circleAll incidents start locally

A truism of response is that all incidents start locally, and all incidents end locally. A spill starts somewhere. A forest fire starts at a specific location. Earthquakes have epicenters. Every response starts with a specific event, at a specific time and in a specific place.

This is important when you are crafting a response communication plan because communication structure, staffing, activity and messaging all change throughout a response. You start out with maximum pressure and minimal staff or structure; you rush to the office, to the incident, to the EOC, wherever you have to be, suddenly and hurriedly. The first hours of a response are frantic with activity as you create and distribute the very first messages about the incident and the response. You wrestle with minimum staff, scarce facts and maximum demand for information. You fight for traction.

Then the response gains traction. More bodies show up and a structure emerges; initial information is verified, corrected, expanded on. The information flow broadens and deepens, as extra resources are mobilized with extra facts. The pace settles into a solid rhythm; press releases, press conferences, town halls. Staff rotations are set and people start rolling through shift changes, briefings and debriefings. And you settle in for the long haul.

Then the ultimate Unified Command goal is attained; the incident is over. The response is complete. Command is ‘stood down’. Assets are demobilized. People are sent home. Catering is cancelled. Communicators pack up their laptops, grab their cell phone chargers and head for home. The hero rides off into the setting sun.

Stop the presses! Not quite accurate!

The incident has been resolved. The response is completed. The response apparatus is demobilized. But the communication process is NOT over, nor will it be for some time.

Physical response activities and response communication activities exist in two different spheres. Physical responses deal with things, all the nouns of a response. Response communications deals with the verbs; thinking, feeling, doing. And verbs don’t go home when nouns do.

All incidents end locally

Back to the truism that all incidents end locally. This is true for communications. The ‘verbs’ are all local, even if they aren’t. What? Right! Many people were impacted by the incident, and regardless of their distance, their hurt and betrayal remains fresh. Until their feelings are dealt with, they remain fresh and real, and their outrage simmers, looking for an excuse for venting.

No matter where these stakeholders are, they are vigilant. Even when response activities are done, and the responders have gone home, the incident remains close and vivid. And until these stakeholders are settled down, they keep a platform of rage that draws the attention of conflict-starved media. Even a successful response can bear bitter children.

So what does a a communicator do?

Become Us. Engage for the long term.

Engage with these people, help them face their anger and resolve it with you. How? Trauma counseling often includes specific steps for an individual to take to overcome the effects of trauma in their life:

Empowerment: Each of us has to be in charge of our healing in every way to counteract the effects of the trauma where all control was taken away from us.

Validation: We need others to listen to us, to validate the importance of what happened and to understand the role of this trauma in our lives.

Connection: Trauma makes us feel very alone. As part of our healing, we need to reconnect with others.

Hope: It is important that we know that we can and will feel better. In the past we may have thought we would never feel better, that the horrible symptoms we experience would go on for the rest of our life.

Responsibility: When we have been traumatized, we lose control of our life. We begin to take back that control by being in charge of every aspect of our life. It is important that we make decisions about our own life.

Telling: Telling others about the trauma is an important part of healing the effects of trauma. They should know, or we can tell them, that describing what happened is an important part of the healing process.

Relationships: As a result of our traumatic experiences, we may not feel close to or trust anyone. Part of healing means trusting people again. We need to become involved in other people’s lives, and let them become involved in ours.

Become Us. Put a face on the recovery.

While not trained in trauma counseling, communicators have an opportunity to incorporate these steps in order to guide a community through this process of dealing with trauma (incident) foisted upon them.

Calling an incident ‘over’ and leaving the affected people without recourse is like walking out in the middle of an argument. Resolution comes from staying put and making it through together. Post-response communication requires this commitment, or the response will remain in suspended animation on stakeholders minds and hearts. It will ‘bubble up’ again and again, whenever someone is reminded by a subsequent event. And your organization gets to live in this suspended animation of bubbling resentment and pain.

Break this cycle with deliberate and persistent post-response outreach. To do this, you have to leave the ‘them’ behind and become ‘us’, a member of the affected stakeholders lives. Effective recovery communication requires this.

Let’s talk about how to do this, using the same key steps of healing:

Empowerment: Recognize and reinforce that affected stakeholders are in charge. You engage in recovery communication to show stakeholders that their opinions and concerns are valid, they need to be heard and they need to be settled. They are in charge of the process. Remind them of this. Put a face on the recovery – yours.  Become Us.

Validation: Listen to the stakeholders affected by the incident. Don’t try to explain what happened or excuse your actions, instead acknowledge their feelings and concerns. Put a face on the recovery – yours. Become Us.

Connection: Reach out in every available venue. Schedule community meetings, reply to every question expressed, either in the setting or one-on-one later. Offer interviews, presentations, activities that engage with stakeholders. Set up a web inquiry form and respond individually to each one. Put a face on the recovery – yours. Become Us.

Hope: Share good news! As each recovery objective is met, share it with your community of stakeholders. Remind people of your organization’s commitment to stay until the job is done. Provide this information as personally as possible. In addition to press releases, tweets, etc., remember the people who were most concerned about each step, and reach out to them personally to share the update. Put a face on the recovery – yours. Become Us.

Responsibility: Remind stakeholders that they have a say in the outcome. After a major incident, it is becoming common for local advocacy groups to be involved in the recovery planning and progress. Join them and support them! Announce and attend any planned meeting, offer to serve on any task force. Encourage their decisions and support them. Put a face on the recovery – yours. Become Us.

Telling: By engaging with stakeholders, you are encouraging them to tell their story. Welcome this. Encourage people to share at meeting venues. Always ask for questions. Stay afterwards to listen to people. Acknowledge their pain or concerns. Listen and hear! Put a face on the recovery – yours. Become Us.

Relationships: Done properly, your recovery communication strategy will allow your organization to develop a relationship with affected stakeholders. They will begin to open up to you, share with you and then trust you. When you have developed trust, you have developed effective response communications. You HAVE put a face on the recovery, and it is yours! You HAVE Become Us.

This sound like a lot of work, but it is really just a continuation of good communication planning. You communicate with people so they will trust you.

As people, we innately want to trust wherever we can. There is too much to keep track of, and trust lets us dismiss specific concerns and save our ‘brain power’ for new ones. We all do this. We face risks every day but we don’t dwell on them. We’ve learned how to live with them by ranking them in subconscious order. It’s the new risks that alarm us!

Giving people a face and name they can trust frees them to turn their focus elsewhere, and the act of doing so becomes an internal endorsement to themselves that you’re OK. This core, unconscious commitment to your credibility is what keeps old wrongs from popping up again. It builds resistance to attempts to re-ignite an issue.

Become Us.

People who see you as ‘Us’ are latent advocates, not pent up opponents. Invest in the recovery communication process. Become Us.

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Becoming ‘Us’ – Response to Recovery

Photo of a circle of people holding handsThere are two arenas where we must work on becoming ‘Us’ – one arena for efficiency, the other arena for impact. First, for efficiency, becoming ‘Us’ inside Unified Command, with your response partners. Then, for impact, becoming ‘Us’ outside Unified Command, in the community as you communicate with affected stakeholders.

Go home

A key aspect of every high performing team is a shared goal. The shared goal of both the Joint Information Center and Unified Command can be summed up in two words: Go Home.

This is an admirable goal, both for brevity and clarity:

  • Brevity, because ‘go home’ is an easy goal to relate to. In a response, everyone is ‘away’, from home, from familiar faces, from their ‘day job’. Going home is a powerful lure.
  • Clarity, because understanding the goal leads to very focused decisions and actions. Responders eagerly consider every possible action and embrace the ones with the greatest potential of success. After all, the goal of going home will be accomplished faster when the best strategies and practices are implemented.

External dissonance

Affected stakeholders don’t see it exactly the same way:

  • They will be very happy with effective strategies and practices that lead to a successful response. The faster the response is over, the sooner their lives can return to normal, with a lower likelihood of enduring damage. The urgency of effort responders exert in order to ‘go home’ will also be seen as urgency of effort to minimize duration and damage. Stakeholders will appreciate this.
  • They will not appreciate any indication that responders are eager to leave. Any expressed desire to ‘go home’ will be seen as betrayal. The response actions are the only protection stakeholders recognize against the insult and injury of the incident that has occurred. All the goodwill gained by aggressive response will be squandered by an early departure, or hint of same.

Your team is focused on going home, but this goal doesn’t play well with affected stakeholders. It actually bothers them, and makes them doubt your sincerity. How do you address the dissonance between maintaining team focus (of going home) and assuring external stakeholders (of being there for them)? How do you maintain high performance internally while building trust externally?

Becoming ‘Us’

There are two arenas where ‘Them’ must become ‘Us’; one arena for efficiency, the other arena for impact. We’ve already addressed the first topic; becoming ‘Us’ inside Unified Command, in an earlier post. We addressed that topic to ensure the efficiency of Joint Information Center efforts.

Now we need to zero in on impact. How do you impact the external stakeholders you’re reaching out to; the people impacted by the incident? They’re looking for information they can trust, as they try to decide what to do next. Their decision of what to do next will impact your response, for better for worse, much worse.

How will Unified Command relate with external stakeholders? Again, this is the role of the Joint Information Center; in your efficiency, you now have to ensure impact. You have to become ‘Us’ to external stakeholders so they can trust and accept the response.

Impact

Impact is a combination of trust and effectiveness.

Response activities tend to be very effective, at least as effective as possible. Unified Command culture and ethos assures this.  The physical response is usually good, even excellent, but that’s only half of the equation: The impact of successful actions is dependent on the trust of affected individuals.

In any response, we’re asking a lot of external stakeholders. They’re under stress, pulled this way and that by emotions, misinformation, biases, ignorance and suspicion. It is very difficult to provide comprehension to individuals under stress who don’t have deep knowledge of the circumstances they are facing. How do you help them understand, and accept? By engaging with them at a personal and persistent level; personal so they can relate to a person instead of an organization, persistent to hear information often enough to finally understand and accept it. When you engage personally and persistently, you build trust. Trust combined with effectiveness yields impact.

And you need this impact.

Personal and persistent

How do you develop personal and persistent communication? How do you become ‘Us’ to your stakeholders?

Stick around: All incidents start locally and end locally. The response may escalate to include organizations and agencies from outside the area, but their objective is to leave as quickly as possible. Sooner rather than later, all the ‘out of towners’ will head for home, leaving the locals behind, worried about everyone leaving.

The best thing the JIC can do is to clearly identify participants who will be there for the long haul. As much as possible, use these people in public meetings and news conferences so stakeholders recognize their names and presence. This may mean sparing them from some JIC work shifts to retain their availability at the recovery end of the incident.

If you represent the Responsible Party (RP), plan on a long shift on-location. As Unified Command stands down, the RP communicators should be the last people out the door, likely well after the JIC is disbanded. The RP’s long-term capability to operate will be greatly benefitted from a long engagement during the recovery process. There is a tendency to devolve response presence to a series of web pages located on the RP’s or local Agencies’ websites. This isn’t enough for a heavily impacted public; you need to keep a person on the ground.

How long? That decision is different in each response. A safe plan is to consider having a person on-location until the first anniversary of the event. This may be longer than needed, but it is good for planning purposes. If the impacted facility needs repairs or is in limited production, the end of repairs or reopening of the facility can mark end dates as well. Other measurement could be counts of web visits, inquiries submitted, social media mentions, or media calls for interviews. Just don’t plan on leaving town when the rest of Unified Command does.

Note that sometimes Unified Command itself has a hard time shutting down, often due to local sensitivities about the adequacy of the response or thoroughness of the recovery plans. Having known, recognized and committed Agency and Corporate spokespersons remaining may help the community turn loose of the whole of Unified Command.

Engage: Whether embroiled in the initial response, planning and entering a recovery process or minding the farm for a time after stand-down, don’t sit in a rented office or at a desk at the local EOC. The purpose of a person left behind is that they can be seen and heard, even touched. They’re real.

Engagement requires personal contact, so get out to available forums. Hit the service club circuit. Join response agencies in open houses to review response and share lessons learned. Offer Op-Eds to the local print media. Visit association meetings, especially those whose members were affected by the incident. Volunteer for the dunk tank at the local fair! Shop. Eat. Worship. Become as involved in the community as you can.

While you’re at it, advertise your presence. Wear a polo shirt with your Agency/Organization logo. Advertise in athletic programs or local media. Let people SEE that you’re still around.

People really don’t expect any commitment out of you or your organization; they’ve been shown too many times that people don’t care, commitment isn’t corporate, and that promises are broken.

Surprise them.

Care: Get involved in people’s lives. Find out what is happening in the community and take part in it. Is Habitat for Humanity building a house? Is the local Women’s Shelter conducting a fun run? Go. Do.

Encourage people to share their stories about the incident and their response to it. Don’t be afraid to be sympathetic. Offer updates on the recovery process. Talk in elevators! (Yeah, right.)

Talk to people at the grocery store, restaurants, stores. Find out what concerns them and address the issues. If you’re representing the RP, utilize Community Investment resources, Sustainability Report resources and local employee involvement.

Reach into people’s lives.

To conclude

In fundraising, there is an adage; ‘people give to people’. If you want someone to care and connect, humanize your message. We all need a human connection to trust something not human. An Agency or a corporation won’t be readily trusted, but person from an agency or corporation will be.

Work at Becoming ‘Us’.

Comments?  Leave them here.

Interested in more information?  Contact me!

The Risk in Risk Assessment

Four dice spelling out 'risk'A powerful tool

Effective risk assessment is critical for effective crisis communication planning. You need to know what could happen in order to identify affected stakeholders, map their concerns, prepare messaging and plan an ongoing response communication plan.

The good news is that one should be available to you; risk assessments are what planners do! Risk assessments are used at multiple layers within an organization and have typically been readily socialized among decision makers. A good risk assessment gives a communicator solid ground to plan from.

You can use a good risk assessment to engage with decision makers regarding communication issues. Identified risks become ‘safe places’ for leadership to think about communication priorities. They may wonder what you are talking about, misunderstand or fear it, but they can always return to their ‘known’; that this could actually happen. Use the risk assessment to arm yourself with relevant information that helps people understand communication.

Risks with risk assessments

With these considerable benefits, it may seem curmudgeonly to mention risks in risk assessments, but there are some risk assessment risks that a communicator needs to consider, and to be ready to point out. The purpose in reviewing these possible issues is to ensure an accurate and usable risk assessment.

Tunnel vision

Risk assessment can often become a deep, focused look at your organization’s operations. Of course there are plenty of risks to spot in any organization’s operations, from the obvious ‘something blows up’ to ‘someone gets mad’. Then there’s the ‘risk of the day’ as well; everyone rushes to be sure they’ve identified and planned against a bombing, or a ransomware attack – whatever was just reported in the media. Again, this is a good practice for risk planners.

But planners often lack the sensitivities of communicators. A communicator’s day-to-day vision is outward, not inward. You have much knowledge and awareness to contribute to effective risk assessment. Here are some examples of external threats often unseen by planners but obvious to communicators:

  • Boycotts brought about by damaged relations with specific interest groups.
  • Lawsuits brought about by perceived neglect, greed or injustice
  • Threats against staff off-facility
  • Investor protests at annual meetings
  • Sit-ins or gate crashing; public disobedience to protest alleged injustice
  • Libel or slander in available social media forums
  • Initiatives or demands for negative legislation that impacts right to operate

All of these have one thing in common; they aren’t ‘operational’ issues with a physical cause. They are ‘non-operational’ issues, brought about by subjective impact. Yet they can have the same effect on operations, reputation and profitability.

Guess who knows the most about these risks? You do. You need to strongly advocate for your review your organization’s risk assessment so you can properly weigh the sensitivities and outrage factors only a trained communication professional can provide

Rigidity

Risk assessments can be black and white. By definition they focus on quantifiable occurrences and their multiples; explosion(s), leak(s) of xx amount, catastrophic failure(s). They can suffer from a ‘tyranny of the critical’ in recommended actions or focus. Of course some risks are clearly primary, and response plans should be structured around them. But many risks may be ranked as lower in potential or damage than they should be, resulting in lower attention.

It is possible to develop a reasonably accurate risk analysis for many physical events. It is more difficult to provide the same accuracy in events a communicator deals with. It’s easy to determine the replacement or repair cost of a gate damaged in a truck accident. It’s harder to predict the trash cleanup costs incurred by a protests and demonstrations, even though the cost from the protests and associated disruption may be much higher than the truck accident.

Rigid processes may result in an inordinate focus on obvious ‘hard’ risks and neglect of less obvious ‘soft’ risks. As a communicator, you may have a better understanding of the ‘soft’ risks that may need more attention. You may also be the only participant in a risk assessment process that can provide an accurate impact assessment on externally originated events. The risk assessment process needs to be flexible enough to allow inclusion of these ‘soft’ analytics for full effectiveness.

If risk assessments don’t include the ‘soft targets’, organizational commitment to amelioration of these events may be lacking. Resources follow risks, so it is important to include all possible events in the assessment. You need to be sure this can happen.

Duplication

Risk assessments can be duplicative. They may include a long list of potential perils and provide the same recommendations for each one, instead of defining common impacts of multiple events and planning to deal with the same impact even if the cause is different. For example, there may be multiple reasons to evacuate a facility, but the impact and process may be identical for most or all events. Granular repetition of planned actions for multiple possible risks can result in a confusing array of recommended actions when in fact the actions should be the same.

Why does this matter to a communicator? Because you will have to explain the actions taken, the purpose and the outcome of each action to a waiting public. Multiple options and multiplied action steps can lead to delay or confusion in the actual response, and delays always multiply difficulty.

Possible risks should be clearly identified, impacts should be clustered with corresponding response plans, and this concise, response focused assessment should be shared with communicators to identify additional risks resulting from the initial event and physical response. This is challenging enough when actions are shared, but can be very difficult if response plans are unnecessarily granular. After all, there are only so many initial statements you can have ready, and they need to reflect not only an initial incident leading to a response, but an explanation of response actions. With shared response actions, the initial statement can have a single blank for the incident, and specific language for the response actions.

Do what you can to ensure the risk assessment is as concise and universal as possible so you can know what will happen and be prepared to communicate quickly. Don’t let a risk assessment get bogged down in the details unless you plan on late and slow communication.

To summarize…

Avoid tunnel vision in crisis planning by participating in the risk assessment process. Lend your expertise to the task of generating a genuine risk map for your organization to prepare against. Strongly advocate for your right to review your organization’s risk assessment so you can properly weigh the sensitivities and outrage factors only a trained communication professional can provide

You may also be the only participant in a risk assessment process that can provide an accurate impact assessment on externally originated events. The risk assessment process needs to be flexible enough to allow inclusion of these ‘soft’ analytics for full effectiveness. If risk assessments don’t include the ‘soft targets’, organizational commitment to amelioration of these events will be lacking. Resources follow risks, so it is important to include all possible events in the assessment. You need to be sure this can happen.

Do what you can to ensure the risk assessment is as concise and universal as possible so you can know what will happen and be prepared to communicate quickly. Don’t let a risk assessment get bogged down in the details unless you plan on late and slow communication.

The synergy resulting from external-facing communicators working closely with competent planners can yield high quality, thorough and effective risk assessment that protect your organization’s capability in a crisis. Offer your expertise!

Comments?  Leave them here.

Interested in more information?  Contact me!